– davlat tuzilishining murakkab shakli. Federativ davlat – ma’lum siyosiy mustaqillikka ega davlatlarning birlashishi natijasida vujudga keladi. Federativ davlat tarkibiga kiruvchi milliy va hududiy tuzilmalar federatsiya sub’ektlari deb atalib, ular turli huquqiy maqomga ega bo‘ladi. Federativ davlat milliy yoki hududiy tamoyillar asosida tuzilishi mumkin. Federatsiyaning sub’ektlari respublika, viloyat, o‘lka (Rossiyada), shtat (AQSh va Hindistonda), erlar (Germaniyada) deb ataladi. Federativ davlatlarda bir necha Konstitutsiya, bir necha fuqarolik bo‘ladi.
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